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In Living Color

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This article is about the television series. For the band, see Living Colour. For the slogan, see Color television.
In Living Color
GenreVariety
Sketch comedy
Created byKeenen Ivory Wayans
StarringFull list
Theme music composerBosco Kante
Opening theme
  • "In Living Color" by Heavy D and Eddie F (seasons 1–2, 5)
  • "Cause That's the Way You Livin' When You're in Living Color" by Heavy D and The Boyz (seasons 3–4)
ComposerTom Rizzo
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons5
No. of episodes127 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producers
Producers
  • Tamara Rawitt
  • Kevin Berg
  • Robert Jason
Running time22–24 minutes
Production companies
Original release
NetworkFox
ReleaseApril 15, 1990 (1990-04-15) –
May 19, 1994 (1994-05-19)

In Living Color is an American sketch comedy television series that originally ran on Fox from April 15, 1990,[1] to May 19, 1994. Keenen Ivory Wayans created, wrote and starred in the program. The show was produced by Ivory Way Productions in association with 20th Television and was taped at stage 7 at the Metromedia Square on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

The title of the series was inspired by the NBC announcement of broadcasts being presented "in living color" during the 1960s, prior to mainstream color television. It also refers to the fact that most of the show's cast was African Americans, unlike other popular sketch comedy shows such as Saturday Night Live, whose casts were mostly White at the time. In Living Color portrayed a form of irreverent Black humor in a time when mainstream American tastes regarding Black comedy on television had been set by inoffensive family-friendly shows such as The Cosby Show, causing an eventual feud for control between Fox executives and the Wayans.

Other members of the Wayans family—Damon, Kim, Shawn, and Marlon—had regular roles, while brother Dwayne frequently appeared as an extra. The show also starred several previously unknown comedians and actors, including Jamie Foxx, Jim Carrey, Tommy Davidson, David Alan Grier, Kelly Coffield Park, and T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh. The show introduced Jennifer Lopez and Carrie Ann Inaba as members of In Living Color's dance troupe The Fly Girls, with actress Rosie Perez serving as choreographer. The show was immensely popular in its first two seasons, capturing more than a 10-point Nielsen rating; in the third and fourth seasons, ratings faltered as the Wayans brothers fell out with the Fox network's leadership over creative control and rights.

The series won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series in 1990. The series gained international prominence for its bold move and its all-time high ratings gained by airing a live, special episode as a counterprogram for the halftime show of U.S. leader CBS's live telecast of Super Bowl XXVI, prompting the National Football League to book A-list acts for future game entertainment, starting with Michael Jackson the following year.[2][3] In 2018, a history of the show, Homey Don't Play That! by David Peisner, was released by 37 INK, an imprint of Simon & Schuster.

Episodes

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Main article: List of In Living Color episodes
SeasonEpisodesOriginally aired
First airedLast aired
113April 15, 1990 (1990-04-15)September 9, 1990 (1990-09-09)
226September 23, 1990 (1990-09-23)September 1, 1991 (1991-09-01)
330September 22, 1991 (1991-09-22)May 17, 1992 (1992-05-17)
432September 27, 1992 (1992-09-27)May 23, 1993 (1993-05-23)
526September 16, 1993 (1993-09-16)May 19, 1994 (1994-05-19)

Cast

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Main article: List of In Living Color cast members

Cast members

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Cast member Seasons
1 2 3 4 5
Jim Carrey Starring
Tommy Davidson Starring
David Alan Grier Starring
T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh Starring
Keenen Ivory Wayans Starring Does not appear
Kim Wayans Starring Does not appear
Kelly Coffield Starring Does not appear
Damon Wayans Starring Recurring Does not appear
Kim Coles Starring Does not appear
Shawn Wayans Featured Does not appear
Jamie Foxx Does not appear Featured Starring
Steve Park Does not appear Featured Does not appear
DJ Twist Does not appear Featured
Marlon Wayans Does not appear Featured Does not appear
Alexandra Wentworth Does not appear Featured Starring
Anne-Marie Johnson Does not appear Starring
Jay Leggett Does not appear Starring
Reggie McFadden Does not appear Starring
Carol Rosenthal Does not appear Starring
Marc Wilmore Does not appear Starring
Fly Girl Seasons
1 2 3 4 5
Deidre Lang Dancer
Rosie Perez (choreographer) Dancer Does not appear
Cari French Dancer Does not appear
Carrie Ann Inaba Dancer Does not appear
Lisa Marie Todd Dancer Does not appear
Michelle Whitney-Morrison Dancer Does not appear
Carla Garrido[4] Does not appear Dancer Does not appear
Jennifer Lopez Does not appear Dancer Does not appear
Jossie Harris Does not appear Dancer
Lisa Joann Thompson Does not appear Dancer
Laurieann Gibson Does not appear Dancer
Masako Willis Does not appear Dancer

Guest stars

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Chris Rock appeared (as a "special guest star") in a number of sketches in the fifth season, and reprised his "Cheap Pete" character from I'm Gonna Git You Sucka. In the early years of In Living Color, Rock was parodied as being "the only African American cast member on Saturday Night Live" (despite Tim Meadows and Ellen Cleghorne appearing on the program at the time). In an SNL episode honoring Mother's Day, Rock's mother states that she is disappointed in him for not trying out for In Living Color, to which Rock states he is happy with his job on SNL.

Other recurring guest stars in the fifth season include Nick Bakay (for The Dirty Dozens sketches) and Peter Marshall (for several editions of East Hollywood Squares). Rapper Biz Markie also appeared in various roles as a guest star in the fifth season, such as being in drag as Wanda the Ugly Woman's sister or as "Dirty Dozens" contestant Damian "Foosball" Franklin. Ed O'Neill made a cameo appearance as Al Bundy in a "Dirty Dozens" segment.

Production

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Early history

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Following Keenen Ivory Wayans' success with Hollywood Shuffle and I'm Gonna Git You Sucka, Fox approached Wayans to offer him his own show.[5] Wayans wanted to produce a variety show similar to Saturday Night Live, but with a cast of people of color that took chances with its content.[6] Fox gave Wayans a lot of freedom with the show, although Fox executives were a bit concerned about the show's content prior to its television debut.[5]

In announcing its debut, Fox described In Living Color as a "contemporary comedy variety show".[7] In its preview, the Christian Science Monitor warned that its, "raw tone may offend some, but it does allow a talented troupe to experiment with black themes in a Saturday Night Live-ish format."[8] Keenen Ivory Wayans said, "I wanted to do a show that reflects different points of view. We've added an Asian and a Hispanic minority to the show. We're trying in some way to represent all the voices. ... Minority talent is not in the system and you have to go outside. We found Crystal doing her act in the lobby of a theater in Chicago. We went beyond the Comedy Stores and Improvs, which are not showcase places for minorities."[1]

The first episode aired on Sunday, April 15, 1990, following an episode of Married... with Children.[1] The first episode was watched by 22.7 million people,[9] making it the 29th-most-viewed show for the week.[10]

The Miami Herald said the show was as "smart and saucy as it is self-aware" and "audacious and frequently tasteless, but terrific fun".[11] The Philadelphia Inquirer called it "the fastest, funniest half-hour in a long time".[12] The Seattle Times said it had "the free-wheeling, pointed sense of humor that connects with a large slice of today's audience".[13] The Columbus Dispatch described it as a "marvelously inventive" show that has "catapulted television back to the cutting edge".[14]

Description

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The sketch comedy show helped launch the careers of comedians/actors Jim Carrey (then credited as "James Carrey"), one of only two White members of the original cast; Jamie Foxx, who joined the cast in the third season; and David Alan Grier (an established theater actor who had worked in Keenen Ivory Wayans' 1988 motion picture I'm Gonna Git You Sucka).

The series strove to produce comedy with a strong emphasis on modern African American subject matter. It became renowned for parody, especially of race relations in the United States. For instance, Carrey was frequently used to ridicule White musicians such as Snow and Vanilla Ice, who performed in genres more commonly associated with Black people. The Wayans themselves often played exaggerated Black ghetto stereotypes for humor and effect. A sketch parodying Soul Train mocked the show as Old Train, suggesting the show (along with its host, Don Cornelius) was out of touch and only appealed to the elderly and the dead. When asked about the show's use of stereotypes of Black culture for comedy, Wayans said, "Half of comedy is making fun of stereotypes. They only get critical when I do it. Woody Allen has been having fun with his culture for years, and no one says anything about it. Martin Scorsese, his films basically deal with the Italian community, and no one ever says anything to him. John Hughes, all of his films parody upscale White suburban life. Nobody says anything to him. When I do it, then all of a sudden it becomes a racial issue. You know what I mean? It's my culture, and I'm entitled to poke fun at the stereotypes that I didn't create in the first place. I don't even concern myself with that type of criticism, because it's racist in itself."[15]

Prominent skits:

  • "The Homeboy Shopping Network", featuring Damon and Keenan as streetwise criminals operating an unlicensed, Home Shopping Network-style shopping network out of the back of their van to sell stolen goods.
  • "Fire Marshal Bill", featuring Carrey as an unhinged, dangerously incompetent fire marshal.
  • "Men on Film", featuring Damon and Grier as effeminate Black film critics with exaggerated physical motions, such as "two snaps up".
  • "Homey D. Clown", featuring Damon as a misanthropic, verbally abusive clown doing demeaning entertainment gigs for low pay as part of his prison release program.
  • "East Hollywood Squares", featuring many of the cast in a ghetto parody of the game show Hollywood Squares.
  • "Benita Buttrell", featuring Kim Wayans as an untrustworthy neighborhood gossip.
  • Parodies of Arsenio Hall (who was popular on his own show at the time) by Keenan Wayans.
  • "Calhoun Tubbs", a blues singer (played by Grier) who sang extremely short songs (about 10 seconds each) at the slightest provocation.
Main article: List of In Living Color sketches

Opening credits

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For the first episode, an exotic-looking logo was used for the opening credits. However, after the band Living Colour claimed in a lawsuit that the show stole the band's logo and name,[16] the logo was changed to one with rather plain-type letters of three colors. The show title itself is a homage to the NBC Peacock tag line, "The following program is brought to you in living color" from the 1960s when television was transitioning from black & white to color TV.[17]

In the first two seasons, the opening sequence was set in a room covered with painters' tarps. Each cast member, wearing black-and-white, played with brightly colored paint in a different way (throwing paintballs at the camera by hand, spray painting the lens, using a roller to cover the camera lens, etc.). The sequence ended with a segue to a set built to resemble the rooftop of an apartment building, where the show's dancers performed a routine and opened a door to let Keenen Ivory Wayans greet a live audience.

For the third and fourth seasons, an animated sequence and different logo were used. Cast members were superimposed over pictures hanging in an art gallery and interacted with them in different ways (spinning the canvas to put it right-side up, swinging the frame out as if it were a door, etc.). The final image was of the logo on a black canvas, which shattered to begin the show. The fifth season retained the logo, but depicted the cast members on various signs and billboards around a city (either New York or Chicago), ending with the logo displayed on a theater marquee. The main title sequences were created by Klasky-Csupo, best known for Rugrats and produced by Robert Jason with some graphics by Beau Tardy.

The hip-hop group Heavy D & the Boyz performed two different versions of the opening theme. One version was used for the first two seasons and remixed for the fifth, while the other was featured in the third and fourth seasons.

Live musical performances

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In Living Color was known for its live music performances, which started in Season 2 with Queen Latifah as their first performer (appearing again in the third season). Additional musical acts who appeared were Heavy D, Public Enemy, Kris Kross, En Vogue, Eazy-E, Da Youngsta's, Monie Love, Onyx, 3rd Bass, MC Lyte, Arrested Development, Jodeci, Mary J. Blige, Tupac Shakur, Father MC, Gang Starr, The Pharcyde, Simple E, Us3, Digable Planets, Pete Rock & CL Smooth, Nice & Smooth, Wreckx-n-Effect, A.D.O.R., Redman, Showbiz and A.G., Patra, Naughty by Nature, Lords of the Underground, Prince Markie Dee, A Tribe Called Quest, Color Me Badd and Leaders of the New School.

The Fly Girls

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The show employed an in-house dance troupe known as the "Fly Girls". The original lineup consisted of Carrie Ann Inaba (who became a choreographer and judge on Dancing with the Stars), Cari French, Deidre Lang, Lisa Marie Todd, Barbara Lumpkin and Michelle Whitney-Morrison. Rosie Perez was the choreographer for the first four seasons. The most notable former Fly Girl was future actress/singer Jennifer Lopez, who joined the show in its third season.

Throughout the show's run, the Fly Girls frequently performed a dance routine to lead into commercial breaks and/or during the closing credits. In the first two seasons, they also performed a routine that immediately followed the opening sequence. Music was provided by an in-house DJ – Shawn Wayans (credited as SW-1) in the first two seasons, then DJ Twist from season 3 onward.

The Fly Girls would sometimes be used as extras in sketches, or as part of an opening gag. In one sketch, they were shown performing open-heart surgery (in the sketch, the girls are dancing in order to pay their way through medical school). Another routine featured the three original female cast members dancing off-beat during the introduction of the show, when it was revealed that the regular Fly Girls were all bound and gagged and breaking through the door where Keenan Ivory Wayans enters.

Three of the Fly Girls also appeared in the eleventh episode of Muppets Tonight's second season in 1997.

Wayans family departures

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Keenen Ivory Wayans stopped appearing in sketches in 1992 after the end of the third season, over disputes with Fox about the network censoring the show's content and rerunning early episodes without his consultation. Wayans feared that Fox would ultimately decrease the syndication value of In Living Color.[18] The Wayans protested on the Christmas live special by wearing shades, caps and not participating at the end of the closing credits as Jamie Foxx sang "This Christmas".

Damon went on to pursue a movie career around the same time, though he made occasional return appearances during the fourth season. In season four (1992–1993), Keenen appeared only in the season opener, though he remained the executive producer and thus stayed in the opening credits until the thirteenth episode.[citation needed] Marlon, who joined the show that same year, left shortly after Keenen resigned as producer. Shawn and Kim tried to leave as well, but they were contractually obligated to stay. Both left at the end of the fourth season.[citation needed]

Broadcast and syndication

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Originally produced by 20th Television on Fox, the series was in reruns on local affiliates for a few years, but has since become a longstanding mainstay on FX and FXX, which had been sister channels to Fox prior to being acquired by The Walt Disney Company. In syndication, the series is distributed by Disney-ABC Domestic Television.

Reruns have also aired on MTV2, VH1, NuvoTV, Fusion TV, BET, and Centric, while the series previously aired on Aspire and TV One as of September 2020.

Unlike past runs on FX and the Viacom Media Networks, the FXX cut of episodes are mostly uncut and censored. The music video parodies and spoken references to licensed songs have been reinstated, but the "Bolt 45" sketch, the "drop the soap" line, and the "Men on Football" sketch with the adlibbed lines about Richard Gere's and Carl Lewis's alleged homosexuality are still edited (though the facial ejaculation shot on "Men on Fitness" was reinstated), along with a line from the season five sketch "Fire Marshall Bill at the Magic Show" that makes reference to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing (the missing line is, "That's what they said about the World Trade Center, son. But me and my friend Abdul and a couple of pounds of plastique explosives showed them different." Bill's laugh and his catchphrase "Lemme show ya somethin'" was also cut abruptly), due to the September 11, 2001 attacks.[citation needed]

The Best of In Living Color aired on MyNetworkTV from April 16 to June 18, 2008. Hosted by David Alan Grier, it was a retrospective featuring classic sketches, along with cast interviews and behind-the-scenes footage. The show aired on Wednesdays at 8:30 pm Eastern/7:30 pm Central, after MyNetworkTV's sitcom Under One Roof.

Home media

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20th Century Fox Home Entertainment has released all five seasons of In Living Color on DVD in Region 1. Due to music licensing issues, some sketches have been edited to remove any and all mention of licensed songs, from characters waxing lyrical to entire performances (including the music video parodies and some of the Fly Girl dancing interstitials). Additionally, the "Bolt 45" sketch (which aired once on May 5, 1990) was omitted, and the "soap" portion of the "drop the soap" line in the second "Men on Film" sketch has been muted.

DVD Name Ep # Release Date
Season 1 13 April 6, 2004
Season 2 26 September 28, 2004
Season 3 28 May 10, 2005
Season 4 33 October 25, 2005
Season 5 26 April 11, 2006

Reception

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Ratings

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  • 1990–91: #62 (10.5 rating)[19]
  • 1991–92: #42 (12.2 rating)[20]
  • 1992–93: #53 (10.4 rating)[21]
  • 1993–94: #90 (7.6 rating)[22]

Awards

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  • Image Awards 1994 for Outstanding Variety Series
  • Image Awards 1992 for Outstanding Comedy Series
  • PGA Awards 1992 for Most Promising Producer in Television: Keenen Ivory Wayans
  • People's Choice Award 1991 for Favorite New TV Comedy Series Tied with The Simpsons (1989)
  • TV Land Awards 2012 for Groundbreaking Show: Shared with whole cast
  • Primetime Emmy Award 1990 for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series

Crossovers

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  • At the 2006 BET Awards when the show returned from one of its commercial breaks, the show's host Damon Wayans played a character very reminiscent to "Men on ..." critic Blaine Edwards
  • In Living Color alums Damon Wayans, Jim Carrey, and David Alan Grier reprised some of their In Living Color characters on Saturday Night Live:
    • Damon Wayans, a featured player during that show's eleventh season, hosted an episode from SNL's 20th season in 1995, where he brought on two of his famous In Living Color characters: homeless wino Anton Jackson and gay film critic Blaine Edwards. In the latter sketch, David Alan Grier made a surprise on-set appearance as Antoine Merriweather; Grier himself would also host SNL on December 9, 1995 (season 21) and January 18, 1997 (season 22), but did not reprise any of his In Living Color characters during those respective episodes.
    • Jim Carrey auditioned to be one of the repertory members on SNL's ill-fated 1980–1981 season, but was dropped in favor of Charles Rocket (who later appeared in the 1988 film Earth Girls Are Easy and the 1994 film Dumb and Dumber with Carrey). Carrey also auditioned for the 1985–1986 season (season 11), but backed out after seeing a man threatening to jump from 30 Rockefeller Center, believing that the stress of working on Saturday Night Live would drive Carrey to suicide. Carrey hosted the season finale of SNL's 21st season in 1996, where he impersonated Fire Marshal Bill during the monologue. Carrey's most recent hosting stint, in October 2014, involved a Carrey family reunion sketch in which Cecily Strong plays Carrey's aunt, who is modeled after Fire Marshal Bill.[23]
  • Jamie Foxx reprised his role as Wanda in a short segment at the 2009 BET Awards.
  • In 1997, three of the Fly Girls also appeared in the eleventh episode of Muppets Tonight's second season.
  • In the 1997 film Liar Liar, Jim Carrey reprised his "Fire Marshal Bill" character (albeit with no lines) in the background of one of the closing scenes.
  • The February 10, 2001 episode of Saturday Night Live hosted by Jennifer Lopez included a sketch where Lopez "reunited" with the Fly Girls (played by Rachel Dratch, Jerry Minor and Tracy Morgan).

Attempted revival

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In Living Color 2012 logo.
The In Living Color 2012 logo.

In 2011, there were plans to make a revival of the original series that featured a new cast, characters, and sketches.[24][25][26] The pilot episodes were hosted and executive produced by original series creator and cast member Keenen Ivory Wayans. In early 2012, Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo were hired as the choreographers.[27] They cast the new line-up of The Fly Girls[28] and shot pilot episodes for the show which were set to air on Fox, like the original. However, on January 8, 2013, Keenen Ivory Wayans confirmed the reboot had been canceled because he and Fox did not feel that the show was sustainable after one season.[29] Reported cast members included Cooper Barnes, Jennifer Bartels, Sydney Castillo, Josh Duvendeck, Jermaine Fowler, Ayana Hampton, Kali Hawk, and Lil Rel Howery.[26][30] In addition, featured cast members were Henry Cho, Melanie Minichino, and Chris Leidecker. Members of the new Fly Girls included Christina Chandler, Tera Perez, Lisa Rosenthal, Katee Shean, and Whitney Wiley.[26]

Many of the cast members of the revival (Bartels, Fowler, and Howery) went on to create the TruTV sketch show Friends of the People.

Legacy

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Singer Bruno Mars paid tribute to the television program in the music video for his single "Finesse".[31]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Green, Tom (April 12, 1990). "Wayans Gets Even". USA Today.
  2. ^ "Goal of spectacle colors NFL's thinking about Super Bowl halftime show". Chicago Tribune. 6 February 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  3. ^ "NFL 100 Greatest Game Changes - #73 In Living Color Halftime Show". NFL.com. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
  4. ^ Lovece, Frank, ed. The Television Yearbook: Complete, Detailed Listings for the 1990–1991 Season (Perigee Books, 1992). In Living Color entry, pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-0-399-51702-0
  5. ^ a b "New Fox Show Pokes Fun at Black Stereotypes". Greensboro, North Carolina: Greensboro News & Record. Associated Press. April 12, 1990. p. B6.
  6. ^ Laurence, Robert P. (April 13, 1990). "Is prime time ready for rudeness? Fox's new comedy 'In Living Color' will offend some, tickle others". The San Diego Union. p. E1.
  7. ^ Mann, Virginia (April 1, 1990). "Back to the Drawing Board". The Record. New Jersey. p. E1.[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^ Bunce, Alan (April 11, 1990). "Worth Noting on TV". Christian Science Monitor. p. 14.
  9. ^ Drew, Mike (April 19, 1990). "Upstart Fox Has Pounced, and the Networks Are Getting Jumpy". The Milwaukee Journal.
  10. ^ Krupnick, Jerry (April 18, 1990). "ABC Ends Ratings Race with Strong Finish". The Star-Ledger. Newark, New Jersey.
  11. ^ Boedeker, Hal (April 21, 1990). "TV's Living Color Brightens Spectrum". The Miami Herald. p. 1E.
  12. ^ Storm, Jonathan (April 21, 1990). "From Fox, Bold Satire By Blacks". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. C1.
  13. ^ Voorhees, John (April 21, 1990). "'In Living Color' Makes This 'Sunset' Look Pretty Pale". The Seattle Times. p. C3.
  14. ^ Keller, Julia (April 22, 1990). "Quality Shows Offer Respectable Change". The Columbus Dispatch. p. 5F.
  15. ^ Arar, Yardena (April 15, 1990). "Humor is in 'Living Color': Writers Plan to Capitalize on Funny Cultural Stereotypes". Daily News of Los Angeles. p. L25.
  16. ^ "Living Colour band sues Fox". Los Angeles Times. May 8, 1990. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
  17. ^ NBC Peacock clips (posted to YouTube on Nov 4, 2011)
  18. ^ Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (2007-10-17). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present (9 ed.). Ballantine Books. p. 661. ISBN 978-0-345-49773-4.
  19. ^ "1990–91 Nielsen ratings – Sitcoms Online Message Boards – Forums".
  20. ^ "The 1991–92 Season FULL Nielsen Ratings...and other interesting tidbits – Sitcoms Online Message Boards – Forums".
  21. ^ "The TV Ratings Guide: 1992–93 Ratings History".
  22. ^ "Full Nielsen Ratings from the 1993–94 TV Season – Sitcoms Online Message Boards – Forums".
  23. ^ Kurp, Josh (October 26, 2014). "Did You Get Every Jim Carrey Reference In 'SNL's 'Family Reunion' Sketch?". Uproxx.
  24. ^ "Fox to Reboot 'In Living Color' with Keenan Ivory Wayans". Deadline Hollywood. October 28, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  25. ^ "New 'In Living Color'". Fox44.com. February 29, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  26. ^ a b c "'In Living Color'". Fox.com. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  27. ^ "WOD 2012 Industry Awards: Decade of Dance – Nappytabs". WorldOfDance.com. February 22, 2012. Archived from the original on February 23, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
  28. ^ Fuhrer, Margaret (March 1, 2012). "The Fly Girls Are BACK". Dance Spirit. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
  29. ^ "In Living Color' reboot is dead". New York Post. January 8, 2013. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  30. ^ "Meet the New Cast of Fox's New 'In Living Color'". Huffington Post. April 3, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  31. ^ Scott, Sydney (January 5, 2018), "The 'In Living Color' Cast Had The Sweetest Reaction To Bruno Mars' 'Finesse' Video", Essence, retrieved 2019-05-22
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