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Earl Blumenauer

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Earl Blumenauer
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Oregon's 3rd district
Incumbent
Assumed office
May 21, 1996
Preceded byRon Wyden
Succeeded byMaxine Dexter (elect)
Portland City Commissioner
In office
January 5, 1987 – May 25, 1996
Preceded byMildred Schwab
Succeeded byErik Sten
Member of the Multnomah County Board of County Commissioners
In office
January 1979 – January 1987
Member of the Oregon House of Representatives
from the 11th district
In office
January 8, 1973 – January 1, 1979
Preceded byJohn W. Anunsen
Succeeded byRick Bauman
Personal details
Born
Earl Francis Blumenauer

(1948-08-16) August 16, 1948 (age 76)
Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
Margaret Kirkpatrick
​
​
(m. 2004)​
Children2
EducationLewis and Clark College (BA, JD)
WebsiteHouse website
Blumenauer's voice
Blumenauer on transportation and infrastructure funding
Recorded November 19, 2013

Earl Francis Blumenauer[1] (/ˈbluːmənaʊ.ər/ BLOOM-ə-nowər; born August 16, 1948) is an American lawyer, author, and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Oregon's 3rd congressional district since 1996. The district includes most of Portland east of the Willamette River.

As a member of the Democratic Party, Blumenauer previously spent over 20 years as a public official in Portland, including serving on the Portland City Council from 1987 to 1996, when he succeeded Ron Wyden in the U.S. House of Representatives. Wyden was elected to the U.S. Senate after Bob Packwood resigned.

Blumenauer is known for his distinctive bow ties and neon bicycle lapel pins.[2][3] Blumenauer gifts his signature bike pins to fellow congressmen, interns, and staffers.[4]

Early life and education

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Blumenauer was born in Portland on August 16, 1948. In 1966, he graduated from Centennial High School on Portland's east side and then enrolled at Lewis & Clark College.[5] He majored in political science and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Lewis & Clark in 1970.[6] Blumenauer completed his education in 1976 when he earned a Juris Doctor degree from the school's Northwestern School of Law (now Lewis & Clark Law School).[7] Before starting law school in 1970 and until 1977, he worked as an assistant to the president of Portland State University.[5][8]

Early political career

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In 1969–70, Blumenauer organized and led Oregon's "Go 19" campaign, an effort to lower the state voting age (while then unsuccessful, it supported the national trend that soon resulted in the Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which lowered the voting age to 18). In 1972, he was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives, representing the 11th district in Multnomah County.[9] He was reelected in 1974 and 1976, and continued representing Portland and Multnomah County until the 1979 legislative session.[5] From 1975 to 1981 he served on the board of Portland Community College.[5] After his time in the Oregon legislature, he served on the Multnomah County Commission from 1979 to 1986.[5] He lost a race for Portland City Council to Margaret Strachan in 1981.[10] He left the county commission in March 1986 to run again for city council.[11]

Blumenauer was elected to the Portland City Council in May 1986.[12] His first term began in January 1987,[13] and he remained on the council until 1996.[8] From the start of his first term, he was named the city's Commissioner of Public Works,[8] which made him the council member in charge of the Portland Bureau of Transportation (also known as the Transportation Commissioner).[14] During his time on the council, Blumenauer was appointed by Oregon Governor Neil Goldschmidt to the state's commission on higher education, on which he served in 1990 and 1991.[15] In 1992, Blumenauer was defeated by Vera Katz in an open race for mayor of Portland—to date, only the second time that Blumenauer has lost an election. At the time he was called "the man who probably knows the most about how Portland works", but he left local politics to run for Congress.[16] After winning election to Congress, he resigned from the city council in May 1996.[17] In 2010, Blumenauer received The Ralph Lowell Award for outstanding contributions to public television.[18][19]

U.S. House of Representatives

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Blumenauer during the 105th Congress

Tenure

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Blumenauer was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1996 in a special election to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Ron Wyden to the U.S. Senate.[16] He received 69% of the vote, defeating Republican Mark Brunelle.[20] He was elected to a full term that November, and was reelected 10 times without serious difficulty in what has long been Oregon's most Democratic district, never with less than 66% of the vote.

Blumenauer served as Oregon campaign chair for both John Kerry's and Barack Obama's presidential campaigns.[21]

In Congress, Blumenauer is noted for his advocacy for mass transit, such as Portland's MAX Light Rail and the Portland Streetcar,[22] and, as a strong supporter of legislation promoting bicycle commuting, cycles from his Washington residence to the Capitol and even to the White House for meetings.[23]

Among the bills Blumenauer has sponsored that have become law are the Bunning-Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004[24] and the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005.[25] In addition, the Legal Timber Protection Act passed as part of the 2008 Farm Bill, while the Bicycle Commuter Act passed with the 2008 bailout bill.[26]

Blumenauer was active in pressuring the United States to take greater action during the Darfur conflict.[27]

In the political aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Blumenauer noted that he was among those who had pointed out the vulnerability of New Orleans and encouraged Congress to help that city and the gulf coast get better prepared:

  • 2004: "Barely have we recovered from Hurricane Hugo and we are seeing Hurricane Ivan pose the threat that has long been feared by those in Louisiana, that this actually might represent the loss of the City of New Orleans. Located 15 feet below sea level, there is the potential of a 30-foot wall of water putting at risk $100 billion of infrastructure and industry and countless lives."[28]
  • 2005: "I recently had the opportunity to view the devastation in Southeast Asia as a result of the tsunami. As appalled as I was by what I saw, I must confess that occasionally my thoughts drifted back to the United States. What would have happened if last September, Hurricane Ivan had veered 40 miles to the west, devastating the city of New Orleans? One likely scenario would have had a tsunami-like 30-foot wall of water hitting the city, causing thousands of deaths and $100 billion in damage...The experience of Southeast Asia should convince us all of the urgent need for congressional action to prevent wide-scale loss of life and economic destruction at home and abroad. Prevention and planning will pay off. Maybe the devastation will encourage us to act before disaster strikes."[29]
Blumenauer during the 112th Congress

Blumenauer supports the World Trade Organization[30] and has voted for free trade agreements with Peru, Australia, Singapore, Chile,[31] Africa, and the Caribbean.[32] His support for these agreements has angered progressives, environmental and labor activists. In 2004, he voted against the Central America Free Trade Agreement. On September 24, 2007, four labor and human rights activists were arrested in Blumenauer's office protesting his support for the Peru Free Trade Agreement.[33]

In February 2009, after a domesticated chimpanzee in Connecticut severely mauled a woman, gaining national attention, Blumenauer sponsored the Captive Primate Safety Act to bar the sale or purchase of non-human primates for personal possession between states and from outside the country.[34] In June 2008, Blumenauer had sponsored legislation to ban interstate trafficking of great apes, which had passed in the House but been tabled by the Senate.[35]

Blumenauer received some media attention during the political debate over health care reform for sponsoring an amendment to the America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009 to change procedures to mandate that Medicare pay for end-of-life counseling.[36] The amendment, as introduced, was based on an earlier proposal cosponsored by Blumenauer and Republican Representative Charles Boustany of Louisiana.[37] The amendment generated controversy, with conservative figures, such as 2008 vice presidential nominee and former Alaska governor Sarah Palin, suggesting that the amendment, if made law, would be used as a cover for the federal government to set up "death panels" that would be used to determine which people received medical treatment.[38] Blumenauer called the claim "mind-numbing" and an "all-time low." His rebuke was echoed by Republican Senator Johnny Isakson of Georgia, who called the death panels claim "nuts."[39]

Blumenauer speaks at the opening ceremony for his namesake bike and pedestrian bridge in Portland, Oregon

On July 24, 2014, Blumenauer introduced the Emergency Afghan Allies Extension Act of 2014 (H.R. 5195; 113th Congress), a bill that would authorize an additional 1,000 emergency Special Immigrant Visas that the United States Department of State could issue to Afghan translators who served with U.S. troops during the War in Afghanistan.[40][41] He argued that "a failure to provide these additional visas ensures the many brave translators the U.S. promised to protect in exchange for their services would be left in Afghanistan, hiding, their lives still threatened daily by the Taliban."[41]

Blumenauer skipped all of President Trump's State of the Union addresses, saying, "I refuse to be a witness to his continued antics."[42][43] In 2019 he was one of the first lawmakers to come out in support of the Green New Deal.[44]

In July 2019, Blumenauer voted against a House resolution introduced by Representative Brad Schneider opposing efforts to boycott the State of Israel and the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement targeting Israel for its continued occupation of Palestine.[45] The resolution passed 398–17.[46]

In November 2020, Blumenauer was named a candidate for Secretary of Transportation in the incoming Biden administration.[47] Pete Buttigieg was eventually chosen instead.[48]

During the 117th Congress, Blumenauer voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 99.1% of the time according to a FiveThirtyEight analysis.[49]

Blumenauer voted to provide Israel with support following the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel.[50][51]

On October 30, 2023, Blumenauer announced he would not run for re-election in 2024.[52]

On July 10, 2024, Blumenauer called for Joe Biden to withdraw from the 2024 United States presidential election.[53]

Committee assignments

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Caucus memberships

[edit]

Political positions

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In 1996, Blumenauer's first year in Congress, he voted in support of the Defense of Marriage Act, which passed that year. The law was found unconstitutional in 2013 and repealed.[62] Since then he has supported LGBTQ rights.[63]

On October 1, 2015, following the Umpqua Community College shooting, Blumenauer tweeted[64] his report[65] addressing the issue of gun violence in America, Enough is Enough: A Comprehensive Plan to Improve Gun Safety, which he had published earlier that year.[66]

Blumenauer has supported alternative energy sources, health care reform, and continuing federal support for education.[63] He has supported animal welfare, introducing the Captive Primate Safety Act in 2024.[67] He is also known as one of the most fervent advocates for the legalization of marijuana, co-founding the Congressional Cannabis Caucus.[68][69] He was the chief sponsor of a bill to expand the research of medical cannabis and its drug derivatives that passed the House in July 2022 and the Senate in November.[70]

Personal life

[edit]

Blumenauer has been married to Margaret Kirkpatrick since 2004.[71]

An avid cyclist, Blumenauer is the founder and co-chair of the Congressional Bike Caucus.[72][73]

Each year, in the weeks leading up to Christmas, Blumenauer bakes and delivers hundreds of fruitcakes to his colleagues on the Hill.[74][75]

Electoral history

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Oregon's 3rd congressional district: Results 1996–2022[76]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct
1996 Earl Blumenauer 165,922 67% Scott Bruun 65,259 26% Joe Keating Pacific 9,274 4% Bruce A. Knight Libertarian 4,474 2% Victoria P. Guillebeau Socialist 2,449 1% *
1998 Earl Blumenauer 153,889 84% (no candidate) Bruce A. Knight Libertarian 16,930 9% Walt Brown Socialist 10,199 6% Write-ins 2,333 1%
2000 Earl Blumenauer 181,049 67% Jeffery L. Pollock 64,128 24% Tre Arrow Pacific Green 15,763 6% Bruce A. Knight Libertarian 4,942 2% Walt Brown Socialist 4,703 2% *
2002 Earl Blumenauer 156,851 67% Sarah Seale 62,821 27% Walt Brown Socialist 6,588 3% Kevin Jones Libertarian 4,704 2% David Brownlow Constitution 3,495 1% *
2004 Earl Blumenauer 245,559 71% Tami Mars 82,045 24% Walt Brown Socialist 10,678 3% Dale Winegarden Constitution 7,119 2% Write-ins 1,159 <1%
2006 Earl Blumenauer 186,380 73% Bruce Broussard 59,529 23% David Brownlow Constitution 7,003 3% Write-ins 698 <1%
2008 Earl Blumenauer 254,235 75% Delia Lopez 71,063 21% Michael Meo Pacific Green 15,063 4% Write-ins 701 <1%
2010 Earl Blumenauer 193,104 70% Delia Lopez 67,714 25% Jeff Lawrence Libertarian 8,380 3% Michael Meo Pacific Green 6,197 2% Write-ins 407 <1%
2012 Earl Blumenauer 264,979 74% Ronald Green 70,325 20% Woodrow Broadnax Pacific Green 13,159 4% Michael Meo Libertarian 6,640 2% Write-ins 772 <1%
2014 Earl Blumenauer 211,748 72% James Buchal 57,424 20% Michael Meo Pacific Green 12,106 4% Jeffrey J. Langan Libertarian 6,381 2% David Walker Non-affiliated 1,089 1% *
2016 Earl Blumenauer 274,687 72% No candidate David W. Walker Independent 78,154 20% David Delk Progressive 27,978 7% Write-ins 1,536 <1%
2018 Earl Blumenauer 279,019 73% Tom Harrison 76,187 20% Marc Koller Independent 21,352 6% Gary Dye Libertarian 5,767 2% Michael Marsh Constitution 1,487 <1% *
2020 Earl Blumenauer 343,574 73% Joanna Harbour 110,570 24% Alex DiBlasi Pacific Green 8,872 2% Josh Solomon Libertarian 6,869 2% Write-ins 621 <1%
2022 Earl Blumenauer 212,119 69% Joanna Harbour 79,766 26% David E Delk Pacific Green 10,982 3% Write-ins 467 <1%

Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 1996, write-ins received 531 votes. In 2000, write-ins received 576 votes. In 2002, write-ins received 1094 votes. In 2014, write-ins received 1,089 votes. In 2018, write-ins received 514 votes.

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Lobbying Contribution Report for Visa, Inc., Clerk of the House of Representatives". Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
  2. ^ Hickman, Leo (July 26, 2011). "It's big, it's green and everyone wants one". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  3. ^ Heil, Emily; Brotherton, Elizabeth (May 20, 2009). "Heard on the Hill: Battle of the Bow Ties". Roll Call. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  4. ^ "Ask Belle: The Blumenauer Bike Pin | Capitol Hill Style". caphillstyle.com. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Earl Blumenauer". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Archived from the original on November 28, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
  6. ^ "Voter Guide for Oregon District 3". National Federation of Independent Business. Archived from the original on November 4, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
  7. ^ "Blumenauer speaks at law commencement". Lewis & Clark Chronicle. Lewis & Clark College. Summer 2002. Archived from the original on November 8, 2006. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
  8. ^ a b c "About Earl Blumenauer". Blumenauer for Congress. Archived from the original on December 13, 2006. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
  9. ^ 1973 Regular Session (57th). Archived December 12, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 18, 2008.
  10. ^ Durbin, Kathy (April 2, 1981). "Blumenauer learns from loss". The Oregonian, p. B1.
  11. ^ Mayes, Steve (March 18, 1986). "Blumenauer backs 'supercounty' plan". The Oregonian, p. B6.
  12. ^ Read, Richard; and Gordon Oliver (May 21, 1986). "Blumenauer clinches City Council seat". The Oregonian, p. B1.
  13. ^ "Blumenauer takes oath" (January 6, 1987). The Oregonian, p. B8.
  14. ^ Oliver, Gordon; and Lane, Dee (December 17, 1986). "Bureau assignments announced by mayor". The Oregonian, p. 1.
  15. ^ "Members of Congress / Earl Blumenauer". The U.S. Congress Votes Database. washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
  16. ^ a b Schrag, John (1999). "Battle of the Bleeding Hearts". Willamette Week 25th Anniversary Edition. Archived from the original on March 31, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
  17. ^ Parente, Michele (May 26, 1996). "Councilman Blumenauer ends 10-year stint at City Hall". The Sunday Oregonian, p. C7.
  18. ^ "Ralph Lowell Award". Corporation for Public Broadcasting. July 20, 2015. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
  19. ^ "The Corporation for Public Broadcasting Honors Rep. Earl Blumenauer with Lowell Award". Corporation for Public Broadcasting. November 18, 2011. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
  20. ^ "Election Results Final Agate Tally". The Oregonian. May 25, 1996. pp. D2.
  21. ^ "Clinton, Obama campaigns headed Oregon's way". KATU. March 5, 2008. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  22. ^ Editorial (November 9, 2002). "Fall Voter's Guide 2002". Willamette Week. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  23. ^ Hitt, Greg (December 29, 2007). "For Congressman, Life in Bike Lane Comes Naturally". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  24. ^ "THE FLOOD INSURANCE REFORM ACT OF 2004". Rep. Blumenauer’s office. Archived from the original on December 27, 2006. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
  25. ^ "President Signs Water for the Poor Act Into Law". Rep. Blumenauer’s office. Archived from the original on December 27, 2006. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
  26. ^ Kannapell, Andrea (October 13, 2008). "Buried in the Bailout: The Bicycle Commuter Act". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 9, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  27. ^ The Genocide Intervention Network gave Blumenauer a grade of A on its DarfurScores.com web site for his legislative actions between 2006 and 2009. "DarfurScores.org: Earl Blumenauer". Genocide Intervention Network. Archived from the original on July 5, 2010. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
  28. ^ "Issues". Congressman Earl Blumenauer. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  29. ^ "DAMNING Congressional Record: Cries for Help Ignored By The Federal Government [updated]". Archived from the original on November 28, 2006. Retrieved December 23, 2006.
  30. ^ "U.S. Should Remain Active in the WTO," Archived December 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Rep. Earl Blumenauer
  31. ^ "Earl Blumenauer on Free Trade". Ontheissues.org. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  32. ^ "Project Vote Smart – Representative Blumenauer on HR 434 – Africa Free Trade bill". Votesmart.org. Archived from the original on August 6, 2023. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  33. ^ Moore, Scott (September 27, 2007). "Trade Secret". Portland Mercury. Archived from the original on March 20, 2009. Retrieved September 28, 2007.
  34. ^ "H.R.80 Captive Primate Safety Act". OpenCongress. Archived from the original on February 13, 2009.
  35. ^ Pope, Charles (February 24, 2009). "House passes Blumenauer bill to restrict primate sales". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
  36. ^ Alonso-Zaldivar, Ricardo (October 29, 2009). "It's alive! End-of-life counseling in health bill". The Associated Press.
  37. ^ Goldberg, Michelle (August 4, 2009). "The Health-Care Lie Machine". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  38. ^ Farber, Daniel (August 8, 2009). "Palin Weighs In on Health Care Reform". CBS News. Archived from the original on September 19, 2009. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  39. ^ Daly, Matthew (August 14, 2009). "Palin stands by 'death panel claim". Associated Press.[permanent dead link‍]
  40. ^ "H.R. 5195 – Summary". United States Congress. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  41. ^ a b "Blumenauer, Kinzinger Hail Passage of the Emergency Afghan Allies Extension Act". House Office of Earl Blumenauer. Archived from the original on August 1, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
  42. ^ Karanth, Sanjana (February 4, 2019). "Some Democrats Refuse To Attend Trump's State of the Union". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  43. ^ Group, Pamplin Media (February 5, 2019). "Blumenauer to skip Trump's State of the Union again". Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2019. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  44. ^ "The first lawmakers lining up behind Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's Green New Deal resolution". Axios. Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
  45. ^ Clare Foran (July 24, 2019). "Who voted 'no' on the House resolution opposing Israel boycott movement". CNN. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  46. ^ Schneider, Bradley Scott (July 23, 2019). "H.Res.246 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Opposing efforts to delegitimize the State of Israel and the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement targeting Israel". congress.gov. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  47. ^ "Meet the contenders for Biden's Cabinet". Politico. November 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  48. ^ "Joe Biden picks Pete Buttigieg to be transportation secretary". CNN. December 15, 2020. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  49. ^ Bycoffe, Aaron; Wiederkehr, Anna (April 22, 2021). "Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  50. ^ Demirjian, Karoun (October 25, 2023). "House Declares Solidarity With Israel in First Legislation Under New Speaker". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  51. ^ Washington, U. S. Capitol Room H154; p:225-7000, DC 20515-6601 (October 25, 2023). "Roll Call 528 Roll Call 528, Bill Number: H. Res. 771, 118th Congress, 1st Session". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved October 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  52. ^ Jaquiss, Nigel (October 30, 2023). "Earl Blumenauer Will Not Run for Reelection". Willamette Week. Archived from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  53. ^ "Blumenauer becomes ninth House Democrat calling for Biden to step aside". The Hill. July 10, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  54. ^ "Caucus Membrs". US House of Representatives. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  55. ^ "Pro-Pot Lawmakers Have Launched a Congressional Cannabis Caucus". Fortune. February 16, 2017. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
  56. ^ "Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute".
  57. ^ "Membership". Congressional Arts Caucus. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  58. ^ "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  59. ^ "90 Current Climate Solutions Caucus Members". Citizen´s Climate Lobby. Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
  60. ^ "Members". U.S. - Japan Caucus. Archived from the original on September 7, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  61. ^ "Membership". Congressional Caucus for the Equal Rights Amendment. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  62. ^ "Meet the Democrats Who Voted for the Defense of Marriage Act". Reason Foundation. June 27, 2013. Archived from the original on July 14, 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
  63. ^ a b "Issues". Archived from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  64. ^ @repblumenauer (October 1, 2015). "I hope we can summon political courage to stop gun violence. We need more than thoughts & prayers. We need action. http://1.usa.gov/1Jm6MUY" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  65. ^ Blumenauer, Earl (2015). "Enough is Enough: A Comprehensive Plan to Improve Gun Safety" (PDF). Congressman Earl Blumenauer. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
  66. ^ Oesch, Elishah (February 9, 2015). "Blumenauer's gun plan: 'Enough is enough'". Koin.com. Portland, OR: Koin 6 News. Archived from the original on August 2, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
  67. ^ "Blumenthal, Blumenauer, & Fitzpatrick Introduce Bipartisan, Bicameral Legislation to Ban Private Possession of Primates". Richard Blumenthal (US Senator). May 1, 2024. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
  68. ^ Higdon, James (April 24, 2018). "Legal Marijuana's Big Moment". POLITICO Magazine. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  69. ^ Salant, Jonathan D. (April 20, 2018). "Here's what U.S. Senate's top Democrat now says about weed". NJ.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  70. ^ Salant, Jonathan D. (November 17, 2022). "Cannabis legislation clears Congress for the first time and is heading to Biden". NJ.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2022.
  71. ^ "Margaret D. Kirkpatrick - Pearl Legal Group". Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
  72. ^ Dean, Cornelia (January 12, 2009). "A Bicycle Evangelist with the Wind Now at His Back". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
  73. ^ "The Congressional Bike Caucus". September 13, 2016. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
  74. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Fruitcake brings cheer to both sides of the aisle in Congress". YouTube. December 23, 2018.
  75. ^ "Fruitcake and 1,000 Bikes". November 25, 2015. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
  76. ^ "Election Statistics, 1920 to Present". History, Art and Archives United States House of Representatives. United States House of Representatives Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
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U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Oregon's 3rd congressional district
1996–present 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States representatives by seniority
21st 		Succeeded by
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